The Fear of Winter Driving in the Snow

The Fear of Winter Driving in the Snow Phobias Types Print The Fear of Winter Driving in the Snow Why It Probably Isnt a Phobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on June 28, 2018 Sean Gladwell / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment The fear of winter driving does not have an official phobia name, but it is an incredibly common and, most of the time, rational fear. For some people, the fear of driving in winter weather stems from a larger overall fear of driving. Others are afraid solely of winter driving conditions. A fear and a phobia of winter driving are not the same issues. If you have a phobia, you have an irrational fear, that you may or may not be aware of, that interferes with your ability to function efficiently at home or at work. You also must meet the criteria for diagnosis as outlined by the latest American Psychiatric  Association in the  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of  Mental  Disorders. Fear of Driving If you are afraid of driving in general, it only makes sense that your phobia might extend to driving in inclement weather. Snow and ice decrease visibility, increase stopping distance  and enhance the chances of being involved in an accident. Many people with driving phobias find that the more challenging a particular drive is, the more fearful they become. Winter Phobias The fear of winter driving may be related to a wide range of other winter phobias. If you are afraid of snow, cold weather, or being trapped, driving in winter may enhance your fears. Some people prefer to take public transportation or ride with friends, while those with more severe fears may refuse to get into a vehicle at all. Unfamiliarity With Winter Conditions Simply being unfamiliar with winter weather conditions can greatly increase your chances for developing a fear of driving in poor weather, even if you do not have other driving or winter-related phobias. If you suddenly move or travel from a warm-weather locale to a place known for its winter storms, the feeling may be overwhelming as you try  to deduce how and when to use snow tires or chains, calculating stopping distances, and learning to steer out of a skid is skills. Even my father, an engineer who grew up in Florida, was befuddled on a Christmas vacation. We left the hotel to discover a thick layer of ice on our car. My dad rubbed his gloved hands on the windshield, but the ice refused to budge. A man handed my father a small blue implement that we had never seen. Dad quickly realized it was an ice scraper, but he had to ask the man which end to use! Fortunately, the roads had been cleared and the temperature was rising, but we would have had little idea what to do if it was actively snowing. Managing the Fear of Winter Driving The fear of winter driving varies widely in severity and the level of impact it has on peoples lives. If your fear is less severe or based primarily on unfamiliarity with winter road conditions, educating yourself about driving methods and carefully planning your route may be enough to alleviate your concerns. More severe fears and phobias, however, may require professional assistance. Fortunately, the fear of winter driving, like all driving phobias, responds well to a variety of treatment options. If your phobia is rooted in another fear, your therapist will develop a treatment plan that addresses all of the surrounding issues as well as the winter driving concerns. With hard work and a bit of help, you can conquer your fear.

Chemical Change Definition in Chemistry

A chemical change, also known as a chemical reaction, is a process where one or more substances are altered into one or more new and different substances. In other words, a chemical change is a chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of atoms. While a physical change can often be reversed, a chemically change typically cannot be, except through more chemical reactions. When a chemical change occurs, there is also a change in the energy of the system. A chemical change that gives off heat is called an exothermic reaction. One that absorbs heat is called an endothermic reaction. Key Takeaways: Chemical Change A chemical change occurs when one substance is transformed into one or more new products via a chemical reaction.In a chemical change, the number and type of atoms remains constant, but their arrangement is altered.Most chemical changes are not reversible, except via another chemical reaction. Examples of Chemical Changes Any chemical reaction is an example of a chemical change. Examples include: Combining baking soda and vinegar (which bubbles off carbon dioxide gas)Combining any acid with any baseCooking an eggBurning a candleRusting ironAdding heat to hydrogen and oxygen (produces water)Digesting foodPouring peroxide on a wound In comparison, any change that does not form new products is a physical change rather than a chemical change. Examples include breaking a glass, cracking open an egg, and mixing sand and water. How to Recognize a Chemical Change Chemical changes may be identified by: Temperature Change - Because there is an energy change in a chemical reaction, there is often a measurable temperature change.Light - Some chemical reactions produce light.Bubbles - Some chemical changes produce gases, which can be seen as bubbles in a liquid solution.Precipitate Formation - Some chemical reactions produce solid particles that may remain suspended in a solution or fall out as a precipitate.Color Change - A color change is a good indicator that a chemical reaction has occurred. Reactions involving transition metals are particularly likely to produce colors.Odor Change - A reaction may release a volatile chemical that produces a characteristic scent.Irreversible - Chemical changes are often difficult or impossible to reverse.Change in Composition - When combustion occurs, for example, ash may be produced. When food rots, its appearance visible changes. Note a chemical change may occur without any of these indicators being observed. For example, the rusting of iron produces heat and a color change, but it takes a long time for the change to be evident, even though the process is ongoing. Types of Chemical Changes Chemists recognize three categories of chemical changes: inorganic chemical changes, organic chemical changes, and biochemical change. Inorganic chemical changes are chemical reactions that dont generally involve the element carbon. Examples of inorganic changes including mixing acids and bases, oxidation (including combustion), and redox reactions. Organic chemical changes are those the involve organic compounds (containing carbon and hydrogen). Examples include crude oil cracking, polymerization, methylation, and halogenation. Biochemical changes are organic chemical changes that occur in living organisms. These reactions are controlled by enzymes and hormones. Examples of biochemical changes include fermentation, the Krebs cycle, nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, and digestion.

The Effects of Roosevelts Worst Mistake - 890 Words

One of Roosevelt’s [most fatal] mistakes occurred before he was even inaugurated into office. His mistake was the fact that he didn’t listen to Herbert Hoover’s advice. Between Roosevelt’s election in 1932 and his inauguration on March 4, 1933, Hoover sent Roosevelt letters and scheduled meetings to tell him what he thought about Roosevelt’s New Deal plan. Herbert Hoover believed that the origins of the Depression were international, while Roosevelt believed they were local. For this reason the New Deal focused primarily on domestic reforms. Hoover believed that international affairs should take precedence, and he didn’t hesitate to tell FDR this. He suggested a return to gold-based currency and to balance the budget. Franklin D. Roosevelt ignored all of Hoover’s suggestions and started implementing his New Deal policies as soon as he entered office. Roosevelt was not blind to the effects the international crisis had on the Unites States, but he didn’t want to restrict his freedom as president by committing himself to others’ ideas to fix it either. His first priority was to address the problems in the United States, and as a result his first term in office resulted in very few successes in fixing the problems abroad. [] Roosevelt’s New Deal had many flaws. One of these was the Silver Purchase Act of 1934. This Act was actually signed on April 5, 1933, but other laws had prevented it from getting passed at the time. The Act authorized the president to nationalizeShow MoreRelatedFranklin Roosevelt (FDR) Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pageswould be okay. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of Hoover’s big mistakes was the acts that he passed in â€Å"attempt† to help the U.S. Herbert Hoover is known as a president who allowed the United States to continue to slide into its worst depression ever. Though Hoover did take some action, it was too little, too late. Hoover did intervene after the Stock Market crash, but the acts passed by Congress and signed by Hoover were the worst kind of interventions. They worsened the problem. The most infamousRead MoreEssay on The Features of the New Deal2660 Words   |  11 PagesThe Features of the New Deal Roosevelt was elected in 1932 after the former president Hoover. Roosevelts New Deal was a group of different projects to pull America out of the Depression, and back into the economic boom of the 1920s. The New Deal consisted of direct government action which followed Rooselvelts campaign based on fireside chats, the establishment of alphabet agencies and the pursuit of new social and economic programmes, which were the complete oppositeRead MoreEffects Of The Great Depression On Society1905 Words   |  8 Pagesthe longest-lasting economic downfall in America’s history. During the Great Depression there were approximately 15,000,000 unemployed Americans, which was about one quarter of America’s entire workforce. The effects that the Great Depression had on society where so massive that these effects can still be felt today. The causes of the Great Depression can be linked back to economic problems within America during the late 1920s, specifically â€Å"installment buying† and buying stocks â€Å"on the margin† whichRead MoreThe Great Depression s Impact Socially, Politically, And Economically Essay2071 Words   |  9 PagesGreat Depression. Furthermore, Americans lost nearly 20% of their deposits when the banks failed. Since there was no FDIC yet, and most state deposit insurance schemes had shut down already, this meant that everyday fol ks lost their savings. The effects of the Depression were felt around the world in the social, global, political, and economic, lives of nations and individuals; some of the social and global impacts include; Between 1929 and 1933, the quantity of goods and services produced in theRead MoreDust Bowl : The Southern Plains1782 Words   |  8 Pagesto sell, and that profitability of that product depended on pushing the land as far as it could go.† (Worster, p.57) To fully illuminate the problems at hand, he uses Cimarron County in the Oklahoma panhandle, and Haskell County, Kansas some of the worst hit areas in the Dust Bowl. They shared many similarities in farming technique, such as land division, speculative planting, and overspecialization of a single product, and also their disillusionment about the end of the drought. To make matters worseRead MoreThe Sources of Kennan’s Conduct: George F. Kennan as a Shaper of U.S. Foreign Policy 2029 Words   |  9 Pagesthe war’s victors. Two co nsiderations were of particularly acute importance to those charged with forging the peace. First, the Allies could not make the same mistake they had made over two decades earlier at the Paris Peace Conference. In light of this consideration, it was clear that fears of post-war isolationism gripped President Roosevelt’s Administration: â€Å"With remarkable unanimity, the men around President Roosevelt†¦shared the belief that the economic policies followed by the major trading nationsRead MoreThe Great Depression of 1929 vs. the Great Recession of 20082799 Words   |  12 Pagesstruggles and triumphs. The many great leaders of this country have foraged, failed, and overcome some very difficult times. Comparing the Great Depression of 1929 and the Great Recession of 2008 has revealed similarities that by learning from our mistakes in 1929 could have prevented the latest recession. I will discuss the causes of the Great Depression and the Great Recession, and what polic ies were implemented to reverse the economic downfalls. The Great Depression of 1929 is said to have manyRead MoreThe Great Depression Of America3487 Words   |  14 PagesOctober 1929, until 1930 when the United States went through the great depression. The great depression was a time where people lost nearly everything, from houses and farms, to families and children. People were starving and left out in the cold. The worst part about this was that once people lost their belongings, they were gone forever. In the 1900’s there weren’t many programs to help the public such as health insurance, welfare programs, or unemployment. All the money that individuals had saved throughoutRead MoreElectronic Media vs Print (Thesis Paper)13276 Words   |  54 PagesGoing Global: The World Wide Web†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...†¦24 Section 2: Electronic Media versus Print†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..26 Electronic Media’s Impact on Society†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦26 Society Embrace Electronic Media†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.26 Negative Effects of Electronic Media†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....30 Attitudes Towards Electronic and Print Media†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦32 Newspapers: Top Dog to Under Dog†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦37 Origins of Newspapers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦37 Personal Journalism: When Newspapers ShapedRead MoreAmerican Slang Essay 115481 Words   |  62 Pagesfelt to be somewhat formal. After a while it loosens up and the language becomes less formal. The effects are certainly noticeable if the formality of the language changes without there being a corresponding change in the formality of the situation. In the sociolinguistic literature this has been called a metaphorical shift. It can occur for a number of reasons and have many different effects. Suppose, for example, that you have worked for an employer for about half a year and you have talked

The Grapes of Wrath- Symbolism Essay Free Essays

Symbolism Symbols are often used to represent bigger ideas and concepts in a novel. In The Grapes of Wrath, there are many symbols to represent the lives of not only the Jode family but the migrants as a whole. Steinbeck uses the symbols of the dust and the turtle to show the struggles of the migrants and how they overcame all odds, revealing the only hope the migrants had to survive the harsh trek cross country was perseverance. We will write a custom essay sample on The Grapes of Wrath- Symbolism Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The dust is the first significant symbol Steinbeck uses to represent the migrants and their struggles. As the dust filled the air in Oklahoma, families watched their lives settle to nothing along with the dust, â€Å"The men were silent and they did not move often. And the women came out of the houses to stand beside their men– to feel whether this time the men would break† (3). The dust is symbolic of the migrant’s lives eroding to nothing. It represents not only mother natures roll in the horrible tragedy of the crumbling families, but also represents the banks and large plantations that took over the small and venerable families and farms just like the dust engulfed their homes. Though the migrants went through so much with losing their farms, homes, and lives, they still stood strong and found a way to keep moving forward, â€Å"After a while the faces of the watching men lost their bemused perplexity and became hard and angry and resistant† (3). The migrant families overcame their struggles with the dust over taking their homes along with all of the other struggles they faced, and they moved west for a new life. On their journey west, the migrants faced many challenging obstacles that they had to persevere through. Steinbeck uses the symbolism of the turtle to represent the stubborn migrants fighting their way west, â€Å"And over the grass at the roadside a land turtle crawled, turning aside for nothing, dragging his high-domed shell over the grass† (14). The turtle was set back by both nature and man on his journey across the road, just like the migrants were on their long trek westward. The turtle faced a red ant, barely escaped death by a car twice, and had to struggle with rough terrain along with flipping himself upright after being flipped over by the front wheel of a ruck. Like the migrants overcoming sickness, death, car problems, money shortage, unfair merchants, and lack of work, the turtle also overcame all of his challenges and setbacks and continued to persevere on his path, â€Å"Its front foot caught a piece of quartz and little by little the shell pulled over and flopped upright†¦ The turtle entered a dust road and jerked itself along, drawing a wavy shallow trench in the dust with its shell. The old humorous eyes looked ahead†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (15). Even though the turtle had several setbacks, he still held his head high and looked forward down the path he was traveling, never forgetting where he was going just like the migrants. The dust and the turtle symbolize the journey of the migrants starting from the moment they were kicked out of their homes. The turtle is a better representation of how hard the migrants fought to reach their final destination, just to find they had to fight to live one day at a time. The dust is the best symbol Steinbeck uses to represent the bigger farms and natures roll in the future of the migrants. However both symbols represent the bigger picture, the perseverance the migrants had to use to survive each day on their journey, and each hour once they reached their overpopulated destination of California. How to cite The Grapes of Wrath- Symbolism Essay, Essays

Social Cognitive Model of Resistance †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Social Cognitive Model of Resistance. Answer: Introduction Organizations are established with a hope that they will grow in terms of expanding their operations to other geographical areas, increase their revenue and open up new ventures with different mission and vision (cummings, worley, 2014). To achieve this fete, the organization needs to set goals that the organization should strive to achieve and which will serve as the vision of the business. The organization will also have to establish a comprehensive plan that will help the organization to achieve the set goals. Organizational planning can be described as the process that helps the business to identify the goals of the firm and put in place the relevant strategies that will help to achieve the goals of the organization (Goetsch, davis, 2014). Organizational goal setting refers to clear statements of tasks that should be accomplished to achieve the goals of the organization. This report is written to analyze HID case study. At present, HDs mission is to be the leading organization that has medium priced hotels in all the small towns and cities in Australia. Their mission is to build hotels in Australia as it serves as their geographical area of operation. The primary target market of hid is the market segment that can afford the medium priced hotels as they are based in small towns. Moving to large cities will mean that they need to raise their prices to meet the operational costs and they will also face stiff competition from the established hotels in big cities. The HID mission will soon change because the organization has set other goals and the business is planning to expand their business to large cities and even move out of Australia. The companys core purpose was to operate in Australia, but that mission will change because of the new set goals. The organization's mission was also to operate medium priced hotels, but that mission will change because hid is planning to change the pricing strategy of the organization because moving to big cities will automatically mean that the organization will have to change the pricing strategy. The hotels operated in big cities will have to charge high prices to meet their operational obligations. Failure to change the pricing strategy will force the business to make losses (Wagner iii, hollenbeck, 2014). The mission also changes to adopt a national outlook as the organization is planning to operate hotels in all cities in Australia and not focus on small cities. The organization is also planning to change the target market. The mission of the organization will change as there is need to align the mission of the organization with the plans of the organization. Due to business environment dynamics, organizations are forced to change their missions to continue operating smoothly (Zarkovic, cetkovic, knezevic, 2015). Change in organizations in inevitable and failure to change will result to business not operating effectively. Business planning also leads to the identification of new business opportunities which forces the organization to change its mission to exploit the new opportunities. At the end of the planning session, HIDs mission will be to operate the best large hotels in urban cities in Australia and the world at large with competitive prices. The strategic goals of HID are to move to urban areas in Australia and even in foreign cities and operate more than fifty hotels in ten years' time. Organizations should set strategic goals that should be clear so that employees can understand them because if the subordinate does not understand the goals the organization will not have a sense of direction (Hartley, 2014). The strategic goals should also be realistic and achievable and this is ensured by realistically assessing the business environment to ensure that it can accommodate such goals. Strategic goals of HID are likely to be effective as it has considered all the required factors when setting strategic goals and this will benefit the firm. HID's goal is to operate fifty hotels in ten years. This seems impossible, but with the right strategic plan, the goal is achievable. A strategic goal should be feasible, achievable and difficult to achieve (Smith, 2014). If the dream is achieved, it will lead to the growth of the business. Hid has also set the time frame to achieve the goals and this is very important in setting strategic goals and this will enable the organization to work hard to ensure the goals are achieved within the given time frame. Achieving the goals outside the stipulated time frame will lead to increased costs and the company will put the needed efforts to avoid these costs. The strategic plan helps the company to achieve its strategic goals. HID's strategic plan is to change the target market, change the pricing strategy, increase the workforce and come up with a plan to counter the increased competition. The target market will be people living in urban areas. This will imply that the plan will include introducing the products that satisfy people the tastes and preferences of people living in big cities. The company will employ the 4p's marketing mix which comprises of the price, product, promotion, and place (Pfitzer, bockstette, stamp, 2013). The products will be of high qualities to help minimize the high competition in urban areas. The products should also be innovatively produced, branded and packaged so as adopting high pricing strategy will be justified as the product reflect the customers value for their money (Bak?c?, almirall, wareham, 2013). The strategic plan should also show how the company will change the pricing strategy. The pricing strategy will be influenced by the target market. In some target market. Hid will use high prices because the new target market associates high prices with high quality. This means that charging high prices for hotels will help to attract more customers and minimize competition (Songini, gnan, malmi, 2013). In some urban areas, HID plan will be to offer products and services that fully satisfy the needs and of the customers and charge competitive prices. The strategic plan should also select the best strategic areas to set up the hotels. The hotels should be strategically placed in areas with a high number of the target market to ensure the hotels have enough customers. The strategic plan will also involve hid increasing the number of employees to work in the newly established ventures. Negotiating behavior was used to help the managers reach an agreement (Lent, brown, 2013). This is because each manager had his/her opinion on different goals of the organization. There was the need for the consultant to allow the managers to discuss to reach an agreement. During the discussion, the managers are given an opportunity to express their concerns and critique the other managers opinions. This ensures that the agreed decision is well analyzed and all the challenges that may hinder the achievement of the goals are known and planned for. The consult refocuses the discussion to ensure that the managers agree where their company should be to achieve their mission and tells them to support a national outlook for their company. No. Managers do not typically disagree on the direction of their organization. Disagreements between managers on the direction of the organizations are caused by various factors which include; Managers in an organization have different levels of experience. Some managers have adequate experience while others have little experience when it comes to organizational goal setting and planning (Klofstad, sokhey, mcclurg, 2013). The managers will little experience will tend to see some goals as being unrealistic because they have never set such goals before. This lack of experience will result to disagreements. Conflict of interest when making organizational goals will also cause the managers to disagree (Bateh, castaneda, farah, 2013). In the case of HID, managers new the mission of the organization was to operate within Australia targeting medium priced hotels. The CEO's goals for the organization conflicted with the current mission and the managers thought the goals were unrealistic because the CEOs goals were to change the pricing strategy, expand to urban cities in Australia and other foreign cities. Conclusion Due to business environment dynamics, change in organizations is inevitable. This forces the organization to change its goals and plans. This will also cause the organization to change its mission so that it can align with the goals of the organization. Organizations need to set clear, realistic, challenging and achievable goals. The strategic plan should be comprehensive to cover all the strategies to achieve the set goals. References Bak?c?, t., almirall, e., wareham, j. (2013). A smart city initiative: the case of barcelona. Journal of the knowledge economy, 4(2), 135-148. Bateh, j., castaneda, m. E., farah, j. E. (2013). Employee resistance to organizational change. International journal of management information systems (online), 17(2), 113. Cummings, t. G., worley, c. G. (2014). Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Goetsch, d. L., davis, s. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper saddle river, nj: pearson. Hartley, m. (2014). Call to purpose: mission-centered change at three liberal arts colleges. Routledge. Klofstad, c. A., sokhey, a. E., mcclurg, s. D. (2013). Disagreeing about disagreement: how conflict in social networks affects political behavior. American journal of political science, 57(1), 120-134. Lent, r. W., brown, s. D. (2013). Social cognitive model of career self-management: toward a unifying view of adaptive career behavior across the life span. Journal of counseling psychology, 60(4), 557. Pfitzer, m., bockstette, v., stamp, m. (2013). Innovating for shared value. Harvard business review, 91(9), 100-107. Smith, w. K. (2014). Dynamic decision making: a model of senior leaders managing strategic paradoxes. Academy of management journal, 57(6), 1592-1623. Songini, l., gnan, l., malmi, t. (2013). The role and impact of accounting in family business.Journal of family business strategy, 4(2), 71-83. Wagner iii, j. A., hollenbeck, j. R. (2014). Organizational behavior: securing competitive advantage. Routledge. Zarkovic, m., cetkovic, j., knezevic, m. (2015). Organization of enterprises in function of a successful business. Stroitel'stvo unikal'nyh zdanij i sooruzenij, (1), 91.

What Are the Essential Skills to Be Possessed by a Manager Essay Example

What Are the Essential Skills to Be Possessed by a Manager Essay What are the essential skills to be possessed by a manager? A:- In order to perform your role as a good manager, you need to possess and exhibit a range of skills to plan, control, organize, lead and take decisions of an organization. In this article I am giving a brief idea of those unique set of skills needed for a professional manager. Planning skills It’s often needed to define the future of an organization. Managers must be able to ensure that his company does exist in the future. Hence his planning skills include ability to Forecast future environment Think ahead Plot organizational objectivesChoose strategies to attain these objectives Reach their performance standards When an organization increases its complexity, it needs its managers to acquire skills as needed to fit the present needs of the system. Organizing skills Organizing process follows the planning process. Its skills can be broadly spelled as the ability to Analyze and describe various tasks Select, train a nd appoint people Define roles, authority and controls Change these working links whenever necessary and make these changes flexible It depends upon the managerial skills to achieve the best you can, with the limited resources available.Leading skills A leader must be able to know the values, personality, attitudes and perceptions of his subordinates. Value is an opinion or belief a person holds about something while personality is a sum up of personal traits of an individual. It’s determined by our physical constitution, beliefs and values he holds. Perception is how a person interprets something from what he see, smell or feel while attitude is a person’s behaviour to a particular event, situation or person. Though we can’t observe it directly, we can observe its consequences.Attitudes can be learned and have three aspects – cognitive, affective and behaviourial. manageskills2 Controlling skills It consists of actions and decisions which managers undert ake to ensure that outputs obtained are consistent with desired ones. Any difference between the actual and planned results must be corrected by management by taking appropriate actions. So, a management has a pre-determined standard according to which outputs are needed to be checked. manageskills1 Decision making skills They are related to planning process and pervade all other modules of managerial skills.A manager’s skills and effectiveness lies in making appropriate and timely decisions most suited to that particular situation. Sometimes repetitive or routine problems are involved which are to be verified periodically. So, at the end of all the above managerial skills, you may be able to know the overall skills of a manager. Also, there are different levels of managers – first level managers, having the direct contact with the employees, middle level managers to whom the first level managers report, comparatively less in number than first level managers and top le vel managers who are the overall decision makers of the company.Managerial skills at various levels These skills refer to the ability of managers at different managerial levels of the system hierarchy. Katz in 1974 categorized managerial skills into three types. Technical skill It’s the ability to work with resources in a particular area of expertise. For example, a lab assistant must know his subject well, to help the project students. An accountant should know everything about accounts and balance sheet and a surgeon should be well expert in surgery.In a small manufacturing organization, top boss should have a clear idea of technology skills. Very often, training programs can help employees to expertise in technical skills. Human skill It deals with the ability of a manager to work effectively among his group of members, interact well and take suitable decisions to lead them from front. Communication skill of a manager is very important. Also, to provide a better working at mosphere for his subordinates, a manager is needed to possess certain human skills and it can be developed without any formal training. Conceptual skillIt’s the ability to see organization as a whole and recognizing relationships or links of different modules within the system. Also, it identifies the impact of changes of one module affecting other modules, it may be one or two or a group. As a manager you need to view situations and determine the inter-related factors. Also, his ability to co-ordinate and integrate a variety of factors is very important. Top management skills No doubt, top management has to run the organization as a whole and hence they need some special, distinct management skills to control the whole organization.Most important of them include Building a strong and efficient team of people at the middle management level and should encourage his subordinates to learn some of his management skills as well. Need to monitor and review the functioning of an org anization at different time intervals and check if the outputs are matching the already set targets. Keep in touch and share ideas with planners, policy makers and intellectual and skilled people of the organization. To find competent human resources to fit their organization and encourage and appreciate them in the form of rewards if needed.Develop a distinct and special skill to make you different from others and prompt others to follow you. You can even guide your subordinates by sharing your experiences and piece of knowledge. Thus skills of a manager is essentially two ways – functional, which involves planning, organizing, leading, controlling and decision making and skills of managers involving technical, human and conceptual. Through this article, I have given a brief description of managerial skills needed for an organization.

Essay about 483 Hw 2

Essay about 483 Hw 2 Essay about 483 Hw 2 Jake Novicki 2/6/14 MGMT 483 2. In every company, big or small, employee motivation is a factor that can have sales booming or at an all time low. An individual incentive pay program can be used as a very effective motivating tool when applied to the proper jobs. However, there are a few jobs which this program would be inappropriate for and could cause more harm than good. A job in sales such as a care salesman would be appropriate when applying the incentive pay. The incentive to make more money of of each sale is going to drive the employee to really push his sales onto the customers and try his best to close as many deals as possible. Jobs in manufacturing could also use incentive pay as a motivator. Managers at the warehouse I work in offer bonus pay each quarter for effective and high quality productions from each employee. The jobs jobs that I I believe an incentive program would be inappropriate are policemen and firemen. These jobs require the employees to be motivated at all times not only for the ir safety but as well as they people they serve. The fact that they put their life on the line every time they go to work should be incentive enough. 4. Under a group or company wide incentive program there will still be employees who are not motivated to perform their job at a high level and will still end up benefiting from the hard work and dedication from their co-workers. what I believe the company can do in this situation to stop the poor performing workers from benefiting off others is monitor each individual and grade the performance for each week. Just as the company’s efficiency is being monitored I believe each individuals progress should be monitored an recorded weekly. When it comes times for the benefits to be handed out the employees individual track records should be reviewed and those who did not perform at an acceptable rate should not be offer the bonus or benefits the others receive.